How many deck joists do I need?

The joists (the cross-beams your boards screw down to) decide how solid the deck feels. Here's how to work out the count.

Quick answer

At 60 cm joist centres you'll need about 1.7 linear metres of joist per m² of deck. For a stiffer feel, go to 40 cm centres – that's around 2.5 linear metres per m².

How that works out

Joists run perpendicular to your deck length. Joist count = (deck length ÷ spacing) + 1, because you always need one at each end.

Total joist length = joist count × deck width.

60 cm centres is normal for 21–28 mm boards. Always check what your board manufacturer says, especially for thin or hollow composite boards.

Example: a 4 × 5 m deck

The deck is 5 m long with joists every 60 cm: (500 ÷ 60) + 1 = 9 joists. Each is 4 m wide, so total = 36 linear metres. If you buy 4.5 m joists, that's 8 pieces (you'll trim two of them down to 4 m).

Common mistakes

  • Spacing joists too far apart – the deck feels bouncy and the boards flex between joists.
  • Skipping a doubled joist where two boards meet end-to-end – each board needs its own screw face.
  • Using joists that are too small – 45 × 95 mm is a minimum for a normal-height deck.
  • Not building in a 1–2 % slope away from the house – water pools on the deck.

Get joist and board counts

The calculator works out joist count, board count and screws from your dimensions and joist spacing.

Frequently asked questions

What's the maximum joist spacing?

60 cm centres for 25–28 mm boards. For 21 mm boards or hollow composites you usually need to go down to 40–50 cm – check the manufacturer.

Do joists need to be pressure-treated?

Yes – they sit in damp shade. Use a high-grade pressure treatment and keep them clear of soil and standing water with proper post bases.

Do I need a doubled joist where boards join?

Yes – where two boards meet end-to-end, each board needs its own joist face to screw into.

How high should joists sit off the ground?

At least 5 cm of airflow underneath. Aim for 10–15 cm for proper ventilation and longer joist life.

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